The 20-year-old from Mexborough, has agreed a one-year deal with the Whites after a successful trial at Elland Road.
He was transfer-listed by Rovers boss Darren Ferguson at the end of the last season.
Whitehouse made nine appearances for Rovers after being handed his debut by Paul Dickov in 2014 but failed to feature under Ferguson.
He will link up with fellow Rovers youth teamers Paul and Jack McKay in Leeds’ under-21s squad.